Passive form of simple past tense

 

زبان آموزان عزیز

امیدوارم که یادگیری، تکرار و تمرین جملات زبان انگلیسی شما را خسته نکرده باشد و امیدوارم هم هستم که شوق آموختن زبان انگلیسی همچنان از وجود شما زبانه بکشد؛ و شما آماده باشد که مطالب و موضوعات جدید را به راحتی یاد بگیرید و از آنها در مکالمات روزمره بهتر و راحت تر استفاده بکنید. در صورتی که در تهران هستید می توانید از آموزشگاه غرب تهران ما واقع در میدان صادقیه استفاده کنید همچنین اگر در کرج هستید می توانید از موسسه زبان حضوری ما استفاده کنید.

Passive form of simple past tense

جملات مجهول زمان گذشته ساده:

زمان گذشته ساده یا simple past tense  : برای بیان افعالی بکار می رود که فاعل آن افعال را در زمان گذشته معین و مشخصی انجام داده و و در زمان گذشته تمام شده اند.

They washed the dishes last night.

آنها دیشب ظرفها را شستند.

در مثال بالا فعل wash در زمان معینی در گذشته last night انجام و تمام شده است.

I saw Susi in the park last week.

من هفته قبل سوزی را در پارک دیدم.

در مثال بالاهم فاعل، فعل saw  را در زمان گذشته معینی ( last week )  انجام داده و فعل saw  هم در آن زمان تمام شده است.

همانطور که می دانید برای ساخت زمان گذشته ساده فرم past (verb) بکار می رود.

اما نحوه ساخت فرم مجهول زمان گذشته ساده:

عزیزان می دانید که فعل مجهول فعلی است که بیان کننده انجام شدن فعل روی کسی یا چیزی است.

در جمله مجهول برای گوینده مهم نیست که چه کسی یا چه چیزی فعل را انجام داده است بلکه فعل مجهول بیان کننده انجام شدن فعلی روی کسی یا چیزی است یعنی فعل مجهول نشان دهنده انجام شدن فعل روی کسی یا چیزی است.

برای ساخت جمله مجهول هم ابتدا آن چیز یا آن شخص ( مفعول)  که فعل روی آن نجام شده بکار می رود و در ادامه هم فعل مجهول از مصدر To be past participle  متناسب با زمان انجام شدن فعل ساخته می شود و بعد از فعل هم در صورت نیاز قیود مختلف بکار می رود.

اما نحوه ساخت مجهول زمان گذشته ساده:

Subject + was / were + past participle (verb) + (by object) + adverbs

 

در صورتی که سوالی در مورد این مطلب دارید، در قسمت نظرات مطرح کنید ظرف مدت یک روز بشما پاسخ می دهیم.

 

در الگوی بالا در ابتدای جمله، subject  همان مفعول فعل جمله است که در ابتدای جمله مجهول قبل از فعل بکار می رود و بعد از آن هم فعل مجهول گذشته ساده یا ((was / were past participle بکار می رود و در ادامه هم قیود مختلف بکار می روند.

و در صورتی که گوینده بخواهد فاعل فعل هم در جمله مجهول بکار ببرد، می تواند آن را بعد از فعل مجهول و بعد از حرف اضافه by  به شکل اسم یا ضمی ر بکار ببرد.

 

 

لطفا مثال های زیر را تا می توانید تکرار نمایید و مفهوم آن ها را در ذهن خودتان بسپارید.

Mina was seen in the park yesterday.

مینا دیروز در پارک دیده شد.

Mina was seen by Susan in the park yesterday.

مینا توسط سوزان دیروز در پارک دیده شد.

The dishes were washed last night.

ظرف ها دیشب شسته شدند.

The dishes were washed by Sara and her sister last night.

دیشب ظرف ها توسط سارا و خواهرش شسته شدند.

They were invited to her birthday party last Monday.

دوشنبه قبل آنها به جشن تولد او دعوت شدند.

They were invited by Susi to her birthday party last Monday.

دوشنبه قبل آنها توسط سوزی  به جشن تولد او دعوت شدند.

Sara`s family was bought a big house by their father last week.

برای خانواده سارا هفته قبل توسط پدرشان یک خانه بزرگ خریده شد.

حالا لطفا جملات زیر را بارها و بارها تکرار و تمرین نمایید تا به آنها مسلط شوید.

I was given ten dollars a day to work there last year.

Ten dollars a day were given to me to work there last year.

You were punished last week because your homework wasn’t done on time.

You were punished last week because you didn’t do your homework.

He was sent to Shiraz to interview Dr. Alavi last week.

She was called at 10 o`clock last night.

She was called by her daughter at 10 o`clock last night.

The ripe apples were picked up and sent to market yesterday.

A piece of diamond was lost in the garden last week.

The house was cleaned and the windows were washed yesterday morning.

My children`s rooms were cleaned yesterday and then they were let go out.

The book was studied by me last week.

The newspapers were read by my father yesterday.

The bottle of milk was boiled last night and then it was given to the baby.

Some cake was cooked by Sara last night.

Some cake and a bottle of milk were given to each as their breakfast yesterday morning.

The house was rebuilt last week because it wasn’t suitable to live in.

The children were taught how to behave during an earthquake.

The children were asked to be quiet in the meeting yesterday afternoon.

French language was taught in Iranian schools about 40 years ago.

English language was spoken in many countries many centuries ago.

I was hit on my head by my teacher yesterday.

The students were taken to London last week.

The cause of the disease was discovered by a group of scientists last year.

The disease was cured by them last year.

The sick children were hospitalized for two weeks last year.

The injured man was taken to the emergency room immediately.

He was operated by Dr. Alavi right away.

The letters were typed by the secretary last night.

They were sent to Sara and David by the secretary last night too.

I was asked to be there at 5 o`clock yesterday.

He was questioned about what happened yesterday.

Her hair style was done by an artist last week.

برای ساخت جمله ی سوالی هم باید از افعال کمکی was or were  استفاده کرد و با آوردن آنها به ابتدای جمله  قبل از فاعل جمله سوالی مجهول گذشته ساده ساخته می شود.

مانند مثال های زیر:

Was I given ten dollars to work there last year?

Were you punished last week because your homework wasn’t done on time?

Were you punished last week because you didn’t do your homework?

Was he sent to Shiraz to interview Dr. Alavi last week?

Was she called at 10 o`clock last night?

Was she called by her daughter at 10 o`clock last night?

Were the ripe apples picked up and sent to market yesterday?

و برای پاسخ دادن به ایت سوالات هم می توان از yes در صورتی که جواب مثبت است و از no در صورتی که جواب منفی است، استفاده نمود.

مانند مثال زیر:

Were you given ten dollars to work there last year?

آیا به تو سال قبل  ۱۰ دلار داده شد تا آنجا کار کنی؟

Yes, I was, I was given ten dollars to work there last year.

بله سال گذشته ۱۰ دلار به من داد شد تا در آنجا کار کنم.

Was he punished last week because his homework wasn’t done on time?

آیا او هفته قبل تنبیه شد بخاطر اینکه تکالیفش بموقع انجام نشد؟

No, I wasn’t, I wasn’t punished last week because my homework wasn’t done on time.

نه او هفته گذشته بخاطر اینکه تکالیفش را بموقع انجام نشد، تنبیه نشد.

 

 

لطفا سوالات و پاسخ های زیر را چندین بار تکرار نمایید تا بطور کامل به آنها مسلط شوید.

۱) Was he sent to Shiraz to interview Dr. Smith last week?

Yes, he was, he was sent to Shiraz to interview Dr. Smith last week.

۲) Was she punished by her teacher yesterday?

No, he wasn’t, he wasn’t punished by her teacher yesterday.

۳) Was she encouraged to participate in the final test last week?

Yes, she was, she was encouraged to participate in the final test last week.

۴) Were the ripe apples picked up and sent to market yesterday?

Yes, they were, the ripe apples were picked up and sent to market yesterday.

۵) Was a piece of diamond lost in the garden last week?

No, it wasn’t, a piece of diamond wasn’t lost in the garden last week.

۶) Was the house cleaned yesterday morning?

Yes, it was, the house was cleaned yesterday morning.

۷) Were my children`s rooms cleaned yesterday?

No, they weren’t, your children`s rooms weren’t cleaned yesterday.

۸) Was the book studied by me last week?

Yes, it was, it was studied by you last week.

۹) Were the newspapers read by David yesterday?

No, they were, the newspapers were read by him yesterday.

۱۰) Was a bottle of milk boiled last night and then was given to the baby?

Yes, it was, a bottle of milk was boiled and then was given to the baby.

۱۱) Was any cake made by Sara last night?

No, it was, some cake was made by her last night.

۱۲) Were all the exams passed by you last month?

Yes, they were, they were all passed by us last month.

۱۳) Was the house rebuilt last week?

No, it wasn’t, the house wasn’t rebuilt last week.

 

۱۴) Were the children taught how to behave during an earthquake?

Yes, they were, the children were taught how to behave during an earthquake.

۱۵) Were the children asked to be quiet in the meeting yesterday afternoon?

No, they weren’t, they weren’t asked to be quite in the meeting yesterday afternoon.

۱۶) Was French language taught in Iranian schools about 40 years ago?

Yes, it was. French language was taught in Iranian schools about 40 years ago.

۱۷) Was English language spoken in many countries many centuries ago?

No, it wasn’t, English language wasn’t spoken in many countries many centuries ago.

۱۸) Was he hit on his head by his teacher yesterday?

Yes, he was, he was hit on his head by his teacher yesterday.

۱۹) Were the students taken to London last week?

No, they weren’t, the students weren’t taken to London last week.

۲۰) Was the disease cured by a group of doctors last year?

Yes, it was, the disease was cured by them last week.

ساخت شکل منفی زمان گذشته ساده مجهول:

برای ساخت جمله ی منفی هم همانطور که در بالا دیدید و تمرین کردید بهwas or were ، not  اضافه می شود و جمله منفی آن ساخته می شود.

I wasn’t given any money last week.

You weren’t taught French last year.

He wasn’t taught English when he was in Shiraz.

She wasn’t hired in this company last week.

We weren’t taken to Shiraz to visit Hafez and Sa`dee`s tombs last week.

They weren’t invited for this ceremony last week.

English wasn’t taught to her last year.

Physics wasn’t studied by them last year.

The house wasn’t rebuilt when he bought it.

The rooms weren’t locked by my mother when she was leaving the house.

The yard wasn’t cleaned and washed by the worker last week.

My watch wasn’t fixed last week, it was fixed yesterday.